Psycho-Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among University Students

Background: Students play a significant role in delivering effective messages for better uptake of health pro-moting behaviour. Understanding factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among students will help develop promising strategies in vaccine promotion of the pandemic. The present investigation was undertaken to look into psycho-social drivers of COVID-19 uptake among Indian students.Method: 587 students, aged 18-35 years participated in an online survey. Standardized measures targeting socio-demographic details, health anxiety, preventive health behaviour and constructs of health belief model were used for the present study. Results: The results showed that overall vaccine uptake among students was quite high with nearly 74% of the students reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Factors like COVID-19 contact, level of education, belief in safety and efficacy of vaccine, social distancing, age, health worry and preoccupation were emerged as the significant drivers of COVID-19 vaccination behaviour increase the probability of vaccine uptake among students. Moreover, factors like Interference with life, Reassurance Seeking, irrational belief about preventive health measures and perceived barriers about vaccination had significant negative link with vaccination de-creasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Psychological and socio-demographic factors play vital role in the success of public health strate-gies of COVID-19 vaccine promotion in managing the pandemic.

Cross-Sectional Study Protocol on Community Disaster Resilience in Selangor Flood-Prone Communities During Covid-19 Pandemic

@#Introduction: Future floods are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Communities must arm themselves with information and skills to overcome these disasters and limit their impact. Moreover, the Coronavirus-19 infection doubled as the transmission was thought to occur when evacuation facilities were overrun and crowded. Despite government and agency assistance, the aftermath of a flood disaster leaves victims susceptible to the impacts. Resilience is essential when battling flooding or a pandemic. Thus, this study aims to determine the community disaster resilience score and its associated factors in Selangor flood-prone communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey will be conducted with a sample size of 574 residents living in flood-prone areas. A validated self-administered questionnaire will be distributed in liaison with community leaders using paper and online. The questionnaire includes respondents’ demographic, flood disaster preparedness, general disaster preparedness belief, and community disaster resilience. The associations and predictors between the independent and dependent variables will be examined using bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression with a < 0.05 significance level. Discussion: Insights from this research will help communities better prepare for and recover from disasters. A more robust resilience approach requires focusing on predictors and recruiting those factors to assist health authorities in promoting flood disaster preparedness and resilience practices in the community. Researchers may comprehend the health behaviour of a community to build disaster preparedness and resilience as well as a health intervention.

Contexts, beliefs and health behaviour: Are individuals who engage in risky sexual behaviour likely to wear face-masks against COVID-19?

and availability of sanitation facilities, individual health beliefs and behaviour are critical in combating the sustained prevalence of Covid-19. Behaviour has, however, been shown to be consistent but could be context-dependent based on the individual's beliefs. To investigate whether or not individuals' protective behaviour against coronavirus is associated with their behaviour in a previous health context. Facemask usage and engagement in risky sexual behaviour (RSB) were employed as corollaries of Covid-19 protective behaviour and a previous health context respectively. Data on them and other sociodemographic correlates of health behaviour were collected on 522 Nigerians via a web-based survey. The data were analyzed using frequency, Chi Square and Binary Logistics Regression. About 31% of the population wore facemasks in public, 48.1% believed Covid existed and was severe, and 31.6% had engaged in RSB. Individuals who engaged in RSB had lower odds of wearing facemasks in public in both the general population and across the rural-urban divide. The relationship was, however, only statistically significant (OR:0.642, p<0.05) in the adjusted regression model. Other significant determinants of facemask use were gender, place of residence, employment status and beliefs about Covid. The similarity of individual beliefs and behaviours in different health contexts provides an opportunity to model behaviour change communication policies for preventing and combating the spread of coronavirus and other infectious diseases

A Qualitative Study Exploring Understanding and Perceptions of Stroke Survivors Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Changes for Secondary Prevention

@#Introduction: This study explored stroke survivors’ understanding regarding stroke, the perceived facilitators and barriers of healthy lifestyle changes, and provision of secondary prevention education. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stroke patients (13 males and nine females; aged 34-80 years) who were attending rehabilitation clinics in three Malaysian hospitals. Each interview was audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using the framework approach. Results: Six themes were reported: understanding of stroke; facilitators of healthy lifestyle changes; barriers of healthy lifestyle changes; food taboos; recovery; and provision of secondary stroke prevention. A third of them were uncertain about the cause of stroke and the perception towards risk of recurrent stroke varied widely. The lack of secondary prevention education was obvious although many had received general verbal advices. Several personal, social, and environmental factors were identified as the facilitators or barriers in healthy lifestyle participation. Food taboos were common and had become one of the barriers in practising healthy eating practices. Families had a strong influence on the patient’s belief and behaviour changes, both in positive and negative ways. Besides, patients tended to have a problem in information recall, while some faced confusion during the early stages of stroke recovery. Conclusion: More efforts to improve knowledge regarding cause of stroke and secondary prevention strategies are needed. Use of appropriate behavioural changes strategies, family-centred approach and continuous health education are necessary to facilitate patients’ efforts at making successful lifestyle modification after stroke event.

El amplio espectro de los trastornos evitativos/restrictivos de la ingestión de alimentos, ortorexia y otros desórdenes (alimentarios) / The broad spectrum of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders, orthorexia and other (eating) disorders

Resumen Introducción: El espectro evitativo/restrictivo de la conducta alimentaria, incluye el trastorno evitativo/restrictivo de la ingestión de alimentos (TERIA), y otros desórdenes que implican a veces traslapes, entrecruzamientos y virajes con otros trastornos alimentarios. Objetivo: Se realiza un análisis descriptivo del TERIA, y de otros trastornos alimentarios, en relación a sus aspectos epidemiológicos, etiopatogénicos, clínicos y terapéuticos. Se incluyen viñetas clínicas ilustrativas. Método: Se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre el TERIA y otros trastornos alimentarios mediante las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, SciELO y textos especializados. Resultados: El TERIA, que en el DSM-5 adquiere la categoría de un trastorno alimentario bien definido, puede ser precedido por el comer selectivo/exigente. Los pacientes son principalmente hombres jóvenes con evolución prolongada del desorden. Otros trastornos alimentarios incluidos en el abanico evitativo/restrictivo son: anorexia nerviosa, alergia e intolerancia alimentaria y ortorexia nerviosa, como un concepto sindromático relativamente reciente. Existe controversia si la ortorexia nerviosa es un trastorno alimentario único o una consecuencia del desenlace de éste o un proceso obsesivo-compulsivo. El antecedente de trastorno alimentario es un factor predictivo significativo para ortorexia nerviosa. Todos estos desórdenes pueden producir diversos niveles de desnutrición e interferencia en el desempeño psicosocial. El manejo terapéutico requiere un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya médicos, psicoterapeutas, nutricionistas, psicoeducación, psicoterapia cognitivo-conductual, asesoría nutricional, y en ocasiones terapia farmacológica anti-serotoninérgica. Conclusiones: Se necesita una mayor evidencia en la investigación de estos nuevos fenotipos de trastornos alimentarios para determinar su impacto en aspectos demográficos, nosológicos, clínicos y terapéuticos.

Background: The avoidant/restrictive spectrum of eating behaviour includes the avoidant/restrictive of food intake disorder (ARFID), sometimes involving overlapping, crossing and turning with other eating disorders. Objective: A descriptive analysis of ARFID and other eating disorders is performed in relation to its epidemiological, etiopathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Illustrative clinical vignettes are included. Method: A review of specialised textbooks and the available literature in Medline/PubMed and SciELO on ARFID and other eating disorders was carried out. Results: ARFID, which in the DSM-5 acquires the category of a well-defined eating disorder, may be preceded by selective/picky eating. Patients are mainly young men with a long evolution of the disorder. Other eating disorders included in the avoidant/ restrictive range are: anorexia nervosa, food allergy and intolerance and orthorexia nervosa; the lately as a relatively recent syndromatic concept. It has been controversial whether orthorexia nervosa is a unique eating disorder, a consequence of its outcome or an obsessive-compulsive process. The historical background of an eating disorder is a significant predictive factor for orthorexia nervosa. All these disorders can produce different levels of malnutrition and interference in psychosocial performance. The therapeutic management requires a multidisciplinary team that includes physicians, psychotherapists, nutritionists, psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy, nutritional counselling, and sometimes anti-serotonergic drug therapy. Conclusions: More evidence is needed in the research of these new phenotypes of eating disorders to determine their impact on demographic, nosological, clinical and therapeutic aspects.

Stress and safe health behaviour among mid adolescent school going children in urban Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Background: During adolescence, that the child is heavily influenced by his surroundings and attempts to change his or her habits and take on to newer habits. This has made relevant the emphasis of safe health behaviour in school and incorporation of stress assessment and subsequent counselling among the adolescent age group. The current study was planned among mid adolescent age group boys and girls, both from government and private schools of Bhubaneswar. Aims & Objectives: To see the association of socio-demographic characteristics with perceived stress among the adolescent children and to find the association of safe health behaviour with perceived stress among the adolescent children and determine the significant factors. Material & Methods: A total of 480 students (240 boys and girls each) selected randomly from 4 government and private schools were included in the study and administered a self-marking questionnaire which elicited information regarding safe health behaviour and also stress scores by using the Perceived Stress Scale which is a 10 points item. Results: Type of school and mother’s education emerged most significant in the sample in terms of stress experienced by the children. Children who were verbal abused by the teachers had higher stress (28.9%) compared to who were not abused (p = 0.012). In terms of health history, any report of sickness or illness in the past 3 months accounted for significantly higher stress levels (37%) compared to the group with no such history (22.5). Conclusion: These findings hint that school environment has a major role to play on the adolescent’s stress levels.

Nível de letramento funcional em saúde e comportamento em saúde de idosos / Nivel de alfabetización funcional en salud: y comportamiento en salud de idosos / Functional health literacy level and behavior in the health of the elderly

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o nível de letramento funcional em saúde de idosos e discutir sua influência no comportamento de saúde destes idosos. Método: estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo, caracterizado como desenho misto de pesquisa, modelo de convergência. A coleta de dados, realizada ente agosto e novembro de 2016, aconteceu nos domicílios de 175 residentes na zona urbana de município do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), idosos por meio da aplicação do instrumento S-TOFHLA, destes, dez responderam a entrevista aberta sobre comportamento em saúde. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados, os testes qui quadrado de Pearson; exato de Fisher α=5% e p≤0,05; e análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: o nível de letramento funcional em saúde demonstrou-se inadequado em 39,4% dos idosos. Houve associação entre o letramento funcional em saúde e as variáveis sexo; faixa etária; escolaridade e número de filhos (p≤0,005). A categoria Comportamento em saúde subdividiu-se nas subcategorias: Papel do profissional de saúde, Suporte familiar e de amigos, Costume e subjetividade, com transversalidade do letramento funcional em saúde. Conclusão: este estudo reiterou a importância da avaliação do nível de letramento funcional em saúde na assistência global do idoso como iniciativa relevante para adequação do planejamento de ações e comportamentos em saúde, visando melhores resultados na produção do cuidado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de alfabetización funcional en salud de ancianos y discutir su influencia en el comportamiento de salud de estos ancianos. Método: estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo, caracterizado como diseño mixto de investigación, modelo de convergencia. La recolección de datos, realizada en agosto y noviembre de 2016, ocurrió en los domicilios de 175 residentes en la zona urbana de municipio del interior del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), ancianos por medio de la aplicación del instrumento S-TOFHLA, de éstos, diez respondieron la entrevista abierta sobre comportamiento en salud. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron, las pruebas qui cuadrado de Pearson; exacto de Fisher α=5% y p≤0,05; y el análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: el nivel de alfabetización funcional en salud se demostró inadecuado en el 39,4% de los ancianos. Se observó asociación entre el fonograma funcional en salud y las variables sexo; grupo de edad; escolaridad y número de hijos (p≤0,005). La categoría Comportamiento en salud se subdividió en las subcategorías: Papel del profesional de salud, Apoyo familiar y de amigos, Costumbre y subjetividad, con transversalidad de Alfabetización funcional en salud. Conclusión: este estudio reiteró la importancia de la evaluación del nivel de Alfabetización funcional en salud en la asistencia global del anciano como iniciativa relevante para adecuación de la planificación de acciones y comportamientos en salud, buscando mejores resultados en la producción del cuidado.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the level of functional health literacy in elderly people and to discuss its influence on the health behaviour of these people. Method: a cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive study, characterized as mixed research design, convergence model. Data collection was carried out between August and November 2016 and occurred in the homes of 175 residents in the inner cities of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), classified as elderly by the application of the S-TOFHLA instrument, of which ten answered the open interview on health behaviour. The Pearson's chi-square test; Fisher's exact α = 5% and p≤0.05; and thematic content analysis were used for data analysis. Results: the functional health literacy level was inadequate in 39.4% of the elderly study participants. There was an association between functional health literacy and gender variables; age group; schooling and number of children (p≤0.005). The Health Behaviour category was subdivided into the subcategories: Role of the health professional, Family and friends support, Custom and subjectivity, with transversality4 of functional health literacy. Conclusion: This study reiterated the importance of evaluating the level of functional health literacy in the overall care of the elderly person as a relevant initiative to adequately plan health actions with the aim to improve results in the production of care.

Oral Health Behaviours and Preventive Dental Care Experiences Among Patients with Special Health Care Needs at Special Care Dentistry Clinic, University of Malaya

@#To assess the oral health behaviour and preventive dental care experiences of patients with special health care needs (SHCN) who attended the Special Care Dental (SCD) Clinic at University of Malaya. Data were collected from 31 patients using a self-administered questionnaire which consisted of questions pertaining to their oral health behaviours and experiences on receiving preventive dental care (PDC). For patients who were unable to answer due to existing health conditions, parents or primary caregivers were approached as proxy. Descriptive analysis was conducted and reported based on percentages to identify the oral health behaviour and PDC of the individuals. Majority brushed their teeth at least once a day (84%), used fluoridated toothpaste (87%) and oral hygiene aids (58%). However, almost half of them (48%) required assistance from parents or caregivers during tooth brushing and consumed sugary snacks in between meals (58%). About 80% had received PDC where the type of care received was mainly oral hygiene advice (77%). Slightly more than 80% preferred the one-to-one demonstration method during PDC. Most gave positive evaluation on their PDC experience especially on items pertaining to the dentist’s attitude. Whilst most of the SHCN patients in this study had positive perception on the PDC that they received and practised good brushing behaviour, their dietary habits need to be improved. Thus, regular preventive dental visit amongst SHCN patients is important for appropriate and comprehensive dental care in maintaining oral health..

Usefulness of a self-reported physical activity questionnaire assessment for Japanese children / 体力科学

<p>The study aimed to assess a self-reported questionnaire about physical activity (PA) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) using triaxial accelerometer as a criterion. Elementary school boys (N=292) and girls (N=313) in the fourth grade and higher completed the questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for at least 10 h/day for at least 4 days. The phi coefficients of the chi-square test 2-way tables (active/inactive as measured using the HBSC questionnaire × achievement/non-achievement of the recommended 60-min moderate to vigorous PA [MVPA] as measured using the accelerometer) were 0.25 (P<0.001), 0.17 (P=0.009), and 0.08 (P=0.217) for all children, boys, and girls, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in boys were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]=78-86%) and 34% (95%CI=26-41%) respectively, while the those of girls were 52% (95%CI=40-63%), 57% (95%CI=55-60%). The positive predictive value in boys was 70% (95%CI=66-73%) and negative predictive value in girls was 83% (95%CI=79-87%). The independent t-test showed that moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and MVPA min/day of active children were significantly higher than those of inactive children (range of Cohen’s d=0.38 to 0.71). Area under the curve (AUC) of the VPA (AUC = 0.60–0.73) in girls was significantly higher than that of the MPA (AUC = 0.52–0.65) and MVPA (AUC = 0.54–0.67). Our results supported that the HBSC self-reported questionnaire has acceptable, but limited agreement for assessing achievement/non-achievement of the MVPA recommendation, and could estimate the differences in the MPA, VPA, and MVPA min/day of children.</p>

Factores ambientales, conductuales y sanitarios relacionados con el cólera en Santiago de Cuba / Environmental, behavioural and health factors related to cholera in Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: el cólera en América Latina se considera una enfermedad reemergente, influenciada por factores sociales, culturales y ambientales. Objetivo: evaluar los factores ambientales, conductuales y sanitarios relacionados con el cólera en Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los factores ambientales y de comportamiento poblacional relacionados con el cólera, así como de la organización de los sistemas de salud para el enfrentamiento a la epidemia en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. El universo estuvo constituido por 356 087 familias tomadas de las unidades de alojamiento, informadas en las cifras preliminares del Censo de Población y Viviendas 2012. Se empleó un muestreo por conglomerados polietápico con probabilidades de inclusión proporcionales al tamaño de cada conglomerado, y se seleccionaron 10 policlínicos, 50 consultorios médicos de familia y 40 familias en cada uno, para un tamaño final de 2 000 familias. Resultados: se consideró que en 80,0 % de las familias las condiciones de almacenamiento de agua eran adecuadas, 21,8 % de las muestras dio algún tipo de positividad de microorganismos patógenos en el muestreo bacteriológico, 30,2 % de las familias poseían un sistema de evacuación de residuales líquidos en mal estado, 61,25 % calificó entre las categorías no funciona y regular, y 27,2 % de las zanjas, los ríos y los canales observados en la muestra presentaban malas condiciones higiénicas, con mayores dificultades en los municipios de II Frente, La Maya, Palma Soriano y Santiago de Cuba. Conclusiones: se identificaron factores ambientales y de comportamiento en la población, que propiciaban la transmisión del cólera e influían en el proceso de control de la enfermedad en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba.

Introduction: cholera is considered in Latin America a re-emerging disease, influenced by social, cultural and environmental factors. Objective: to evaluate the environmental, behavioural and health factors related to the cholera in Santiago from Cuba. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study of the environmental factors and population behaviour related to cholera, as well as of the organization of the health systems for the control of the epidemics was carried out in Santiago de Cuba province. The universe was constituted by 356 087 families selected from the care units, informed in the preliminary figures of the Population and Housings Census in 2012. A sampling was used by poly-stage conglomerate with proportional inclusion probabilities to the size of each conglomerate, and 10 polyclinics, 50 doctor's offices and 40 families were selected in each one, for a final size of 2 000 families. Results: it was considered that in 80.0% of the families the conditions of water preservation were adequate, 21.8% of the samples provided certain positive results to pathogens in the bacteriological sampling, 30,2% of the families had a poor system of evacuation of sewage, 61,.25% qualified between the categories "out of service and middle service", and 27.2% of the ditches, rivers and the channels observed in the sample had bad hygiene conditions, with more difficulties in II Frente, La Maya, Palma Soriano and Santiago de Cuba municipalities. Conclusions: environmental and behavioural factors were identified in the population which the transmission of cholera and influenced in the process of disease control in Santiago de Cuba province.

Socioepidemiologic Profile and Treatment-seeking Behaviour of HIV/AIDS Patients in a Tertiary-care Hospital in South India.

India has the third largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS. Provision of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) for eligible persons living with HIV (PLHA) has been scaled up significantly both in terms of facilities for treatment and number of beneficiaries. This study aimed at describing the profile of HIV/AIDS patients on ART from a tertiary-care hospital and to explore the factors associated with treatment-seeking behaviour, family support, and perceptions regarding HIV and ART. This is a descriptive study conducted at the ART centre in a tertiary-care hospital in Puducherry. Study population consisted of 130 HIV-positive patients aged more than 18 years on free firstline ART for at least 6 months. Data on sociodemographic details, clinical details, treatment-seeking behaviour, family support, and perceptions regarding HIV and ART were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Data are presented as percentages. In total, 130 patients on ART for at least 6 months were included in the study—61% were males (n=79), 39% were females (n=51); half of them belonged to the age-group of 36-50 years. Half of the participants were diagnosed to have HIV/AIDS between 1 and 3 year(s); two-thirds had one or more co-infection(s). The majority were aware of the side-effects of ART. After advice to start ART, there was a delay in starting treatment in one-fifth of the subjects due to depression, fear of stigma, disclosure to family, and side-effects. More than two-thirds of the patients travelled more than 30 km distance. Families of HIV-positive subjects were supportive in accompanying to the ART centre, collecting drugs, reminders to take medication, and motivation to complete the treatment. Alcohol (50%) and tobacco consumption (39%) was common among the subjects. Half of the respondents stated stigma, death, and pain as the main fears, and all of them stated high levels of trust and rapport with their doctors. This study reveals several positive aspects among ART beneficiaries. However, issues, like tobacco and alcohol consumption, travelling long distance for drug collection, fear of stigma and death, and concerns regarding the future, need to be addressed.

Prevalencia de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 26 años / Prevalence of condom use in all sexual intercourse and associated factors during the last twelve months in public college students aged 18-26

El conocimiento de las prácticas sexuales en los adultos jóvenes es necesario para ejecutar acciones preventivas enfocadas a la disminución de embarazos no planeados y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 26 años de edad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en estudiantes universitarios, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 468 participantes, la información se recolectó por medio de un cuestionario auto-diligenciable. Resultados: El 50,6% de la población era de género masculino, la edad media de toda la población fue 21,3±2,3 años. El porcentaje de personas que usaron condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses fue de 35,3% (IC95% 30,8% - 39,7%); al realizar asociaciones se encontró que no haber tenido enfermedades de transmisión sexual (O.R. 4,45 I.C. 95% 2,07.9, 58) muestra asociación y se mantiene al realizar los ajustes en el modelo multivariado. Conclusiones: La población estudiada presenta porcentaje bajo de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales durante los últimos doce meses, ello evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer acciones en salud que permitan la sistematización de medidas de prevención y tratamiento para aumentar el uso del preservativo en adultos jóvenes.

The knowledge of sexual practices in young adults is needed to implement preventive actions aimed at the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objectives: To determine the prevalence of condom use in all sexual intercourse and associated factors during the last twelve months in public college students between 18 and 26 years old. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on college students. The sample size was 468 participants. The information was collected through a selfadministered questionnaire. Results: 50.6% of the population was male and the average age of the population was 21.3 ± 2.3. The percentage of people who used condoms in all sexual intercourse during the last twelve months was 35.3% (CI95% 30.8% - 39.7%). When making associations, it was found that not having had STDs (OR 4.45 CI95% 2,07.9,58) show association which remains when making adjustments in the multivariate model. Conclusions: The studied population show a low rate of condom use in all sexual relations during the last twelve months, which highlights the need to strengthen health actions that allow the systematization of prevention and treatment measures to increase condom use among young adults.

Adopción de prácticas saludables en puérperas adolescentes / Adoption of healthy practices in puerperal adolescents

Introducción: Teniendo en cuenta el problema de salud en el que se ha convertido el embarazo en adolescentes y el déficit de conocimientos de las mismas durante el puerperio, se diseñó el programa “cuidado en casa a la puérpera adolescente y su recién nacido”, con el objetivo de identificar las prácticas de cuidado que realizan consigo mismas y con su recién nacido, prevenir alteraciones evitables mediante la valoración y seguimiento, promover prácticas saludables e incluir a la familia en el cuidado de la madre y su hijo. Materiales y Métodos: Este programa se dirigió a usuarias entre los 10 y 19 años, egresadas del servicio de Ginecoobstetricia de la Empresa Social del Estado Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz en Cúcuta y a su recién nacido. Durante el programa se estructuró un estudio que corresponde al paradigma cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte prospectivo. La muestra fue compuesta por 251 puérperas adolescentes y sus recién nacidos residentes en el municipio de Cúcuta. Para la recolección de información se utilizó un formato de valoración por dominios para la puérpera y su recién nacido y el cuestionario “prácticas de cuidado que realizan consigo mismas las mujeres en el posparto” versión 2010. Resultados y Discusión: Dentro de los factores sociodemográficos se evidencia la escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico bajo, relaciones de unión libre, madresolterismo y tipo de familia extensa como variables prevalentes. Existen prácticas inadecuadas en la alimentación y cuidados de la salud especialmente. Conclusiones: Se pudo establecer que las adolescentes puérperas aplican cuidados congruentes a su cultura y no las indicaciones dadas por el equipo de salud durante el embarazo, sin embargo cuando enfermería ejerce el cuidado humanizado y respetuoso, se evidencian cambios positivos en la salud de la madre y su familia así como la adopción de prácticas saludables.

Introduction: Given the health problem that has become teenage pregnancy and the lack of knowledge of the same during the postpartum period, the program was designed "home care to the mothers of newborns and infants to adolescents" with to identify care practices engaged with themselves and with their newborn, prevent avoidable disorders by assessing and monitoring, promote healthy practices and include the family in the care of the mother and child. Materials and Methods: This program targeted users between 10 and 19 years, graduates of Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the State Social Enterprise Meoz Erasmus University Hospital in Cucuta and your newborn. During the study, a structured program that corresponds to the quantitative paradigm, prospective descriptive cross. The sample consisted of 251 postpartum adolescents and their newborns living in the city of Cucuta. For data collection we used a domain valuation format for the woman and her newborn and the questionnaire "care practices with themselves engaged in postpartum women" 2010 version. Results and Discussion: Among the sociodemographic factors evidenced schooling and low socioeconomic status, cohabiting relationships, single mothers and extended family such as variables prevalent. Practices are inadequate food and health care in particular. Conclusions: It was found that adolescents apply postpartum care consistent with their culture and the indications given by the health care team during pregnancy, however when humanized nursing care exercises and respectful, positive changes are evident in the health of the mother and his family and the adoption of healthy practices.

Effects of Providing Health Education to Workers for the Management of Liver Disease Screened by Periodic Health Surveys / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the changes in the levels of liver enzymes after providing health education to workers. METHODS: Among 909 electronics-manufacturing workers, 96 (10.6%) workers had abnormal liver functions. Of these, male workers were randomly assigned into either the health education experimental group (48 [52.2%]) or the control group (44 [47.8%]). Depending on the level of participation in the health education, workers in the experimental group were classified into the participation (32 [34.8%]) and non-participation groups (16 [17.4%]). Changes in the levels of liver enzymes were compared among three groups.

A cross-sectional study on the mental and behaviour education among non-psychiatric medical workers of the general hospitals in Guangzhou / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mental education and continuing education among non-psychiatric medical workers of the general hospitals in Guangzhou city.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 17 general hospitals of Guangzhou city including 2617 participants from December 2012 to April 2013.Results Among 2617 participants,41.6％ of them hadn't taken part in psychiatric course study,66.9％ hadn't received psychiatric rotation,and 66.7％ hadn't received psychiatry and related training;93.8％ of the medical staff had interest in mental specialized training courses,of which 72.0％ medical staff stood for training classes/participation,72.3％ medical staff most satisfied with 4-5 days of a training course,strengthen training every 6 months (2 days) and a psychiatrist to connect.Conclusion Non-psychiatric medical workers of the general hospitals in Guangzhou city lack the knowledge of mental health,and mental health care training are urgently needed.

Effects of Providing Health Education to Workers for the Management of Liver Disease Screened by Periodic Health Surveys / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the changes in the levels of liver enzymes after providing health education to workers. METHODS: Among 909 electronics-manufacturing workers, 96 (10.6%) workers had abnormal liver functions. Of these, male workers were randomly assigned into either the health education experimental group (48 [52.2%]) or the control group (44 [47.8%]). Depending on the level of participation in the health education, workers in the experimental group were classified into the participation (32 [34.8%]) and non-participation groups (16 [17.4%]). Changes in the levels of liver enzymes were compared among three groups. RESULTS: The changes in the levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (r-GTP) in the participation, non-participation, and control groups were -25.3+/-54.5 IU/L, -4.4+/-24.1 IU/L, and -5.3+/-38.8 IU/L, respectively (p=.036). Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, waist circumference, body mass index, daily alcohol consumption, weekly exercise, and changes in smoking habits in the 3 groups did not differ significantly. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the variable of education participation revealed a significant regression coefficient of -25.10 when the change in r-GTP levels was the dependent variable. CONCLUSION: A brief health education targeted towards the management of liver disease among workers improved r-GTP levels.

Attitudes of dental and pharmacy students to oral health behaviour at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) was used to assess the attitudes towards oral health behaviour of the pharmacy and dental college students at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). HU-DBI consists of 20 items primarily associated with tooth brushing behaviour. All of the items have a dichotomous response format (agree/disagree). A quantitative estimate of oral health attitude and behaviour is provided by the total appropriate agree/disagree responses. The maximum possible score is 12. Greater HU-DBI score indicates better oral health attitude and behaviour. A total of 57 students participated in the survey with a response rate of 71%. There was a significant difference (p=0.0001) between dental and pharmacy college students for oral health attitudes with dental students presenting a mean HU-DBI score of 6.65 in contrast to 4.74 among pharmacy students. Significantly greater percentage of pharmacy students (83.9%) reported that they don’t worry much about visiting the dentist than the dental students (53.8%). Nearly three-fourths of pharmacy students believed that their teeth was getting worse despite of daily brushing and significantly more pharmacy students were worried about bad breath Dental college students reported better attitudes to oral health behaviour than students of pharmacy.

Introduction to Motivational Interviewing (MI)

Changing our patients’ health behaviour has always been difficult. To enhance their intrinsic motivation to change, we need to explore and resolve their ambivalence through motivational interviewing (MI). The four broad principles in MI are expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and supporting self-efficacy. Key skills in the practice of MI include using open ended questions, reflective listening and pulling change. While full blown MI may not be practical in our primary care setting, understanding the concept and principles of MI can help us be more patient-centred and collaborative which will help build motivation for change. Though time is a limiting factor for using MI in medical and public health settings, brief strategies like the Elicit-Provide-Elicit model can be used to give patients feedback and information about their health.

Relationship between policy dispute on Sejong City planning and local residents' health status

Recently, Sejong City had been in the center of a policy dispute about city planning in Korea. Although Sejong City was chosen to be a new Multifunctional Administrative City in 2006, politicians continued to challenge the decision at the city level from 2009 upto 2010.This study aims to investigate what influences, such as the policy dispute, impacted the health behaviors and the mental health of local people. We used the survey data from the Community Health Survey in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 and compared the results through logistic regression analysis and direct standardization. Data were gathered from residents in Chungcheongnam-do, the province where Sejong City is located. Data from residents of four other provinces were used as a control: Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeonlanam-do, and Gyeonggi-do. We found a significant increase in smoking and drinking rates in the residents of Chungcheongnam-do, which are indicators of health behaviors, in the year of 2009 when the Sejong City dispute erupted. It appears that controversial changes in government policy could have negative influences on local people. Therefore, we need proper measures to prevent them.

Dental caries and oral health behaviour in the Malaysian Territorial Army Personnel

A survey was conducted to assess dental caries experience and oral health related behaviour among Malaysian Territorial Army (TA) personnel. This cross-sectional study involved 284 personnel covering their socio-demography, oral hygiene habits and related behaviour and past utilization of dental services pattern. Dental caries were assessed using DMFT index. Caries prevalence was very high (97.2%; DMFT 8.15±5.36). Untreated decay (DT) was 3.67 (±3.15) and missing teeth (MT) 2.90 (±3.73). However, few were treated teeth (FT) at only 1.58 (±2.02). Almost everyone (98.2%) claimed they brushed their teeth at least once daily and 80% used fluoridated toothpaste. However, very few participants used dental floss (11.3%) while majority (60.2%) did not know about flossing. More than 70% were current smokers. Only 13.7% were regular attendees with the majority (86.3%) visiting the dentist only when they had dental problems. The most common reason (49.7%) for their last dental visit was related to presence of symptoms and few were (27.4%) for prevention. Symptomatic attendees are significantly more likely to have more severe caries experience than preventive oriented individuals (p=0.003). These findings support the importance of promoting preventive oral health utilization behaviour among army personnel.